Harmonised earnings levels
A first harmonised comparison for 2022. The range runs from the 10th to the 90th percentile; the central marker is the median. Amounts are nominal euros and are not adjusted for living costs.
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Source: Eurostat, Structure of Earnings Survey 2022. Employees in firms with 10 or more staff, NACE B–S activities excluding public administration. Amounts are gross annual earnings harmonised to a full year and full-time units. This is not an estimated pyramid: Eurostat publishes these percentiles, not the detail needed to allocate each €5,000 band.
Low annual earnings: the share below two thirds of the annual median, from Eurostat, SES 2022. This annual measure differs from the hourly low-wage rate.
Annual mean: Eurostat SES 2022, with the same scope of firms with 10 or more employees. Minimum wage: Eurostat, July 2022; its harmonised monthly value —including additional salary payments— is multiplied by 12 to place it on the annual scale. Spain’s most common salary comes from the national INE SES 2022; Eurostat publishes no equivalent mode for France or Portugal.
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| Country | Annualised minimum wage | P10 | Most common (national) | Median | Mean | P90 | Low annual earnings | Threshold |
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Earnings relative to each country’s median
Each wage is expressed relative to its own national source’s median. We use the most detailed common bands available.
Exploratory comparison: populations, working hours and earnings definitions differ. This compares relative distributions, not euros or purchasing power.
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≈ Shares interpolated between official data points, not observed counts in these exact bands.
Germany: equivalent monthly earnings may include earlier periods of part-time work. The first official class, up to €1,000, is also interpolated; its low earnings are retained.
Austria: gross monthly earnings in October 2022, adjusted to a complete month, full-time and part-time without conversion to full-time units, excluding apprentices and pay for additional hours or overtime. Portugal includes overtime. STATjournal 3/2024, table 4, p. 48 publishes 11 bands totalling 99.9% due to rounding. They are proportionally adjusted to 100% and interpolated using official percentiles from the VSE 2022 report, table 7, p. 28. The open tail from €5,000 is kept whole within ≥1.70×. Most frequent band: €2,500–3,000 (16.4% as published); this is not an exact modal salary.
Sources: Spain's INE 2022 Structure of Earnings Survey microdata, France's Insee All Employees Database 2022, and Portugal's GEP/MTSSS Personnel Records 2022, with all nine 2022 deciles (table 33). Spain uses weighted individual annual earnings; France uses annualised intervals per employment position; Portugal uses monthly earnings for mainland employees with full-time work and full remuneration. France includes apprentices; Spain's SES excludes them. France and Portugal require interpolation between official data points. Dividing by the median gives relative units, but does not harmonise periods, populations or sources. This section's national medians differ from the Eurostat medians in the comparison above.
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| Salary relative to the median | First country | Second country |
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